19th century paint colors: February 2014

Friday, February 28, 2014

Southern Plantation Home Fresh paint Colors

Southern plantation paint colors were rich and varied.

The Antebellum Era of American history lasted from 1800 to 1860. The term is generally used to describe the years previous to the Civil War during which southern plantation culture flourished. During this era, countless plantation homes were built and painted. Those living in the south in 2010 who are looking to add Antebellum flavor to a home or to paint an original plantation building can use historic paint colors to evoke the plantation era.

Minimalist Colors

Paint producer Sherwin Williams maintains a list of exterior home paint colors that were historically used throughout different periods and geographic locales in the U.S. According to the list, Antebellum era southern plantation homes were often painted a uniform shade of white. To accent the white of the pillars, walls and porches, plantation owners used subtle, or cool, colors such as nonintrusive shades of green on awnings, shutters or roofs. Sherwin Williams asserts that this color scheme is still common throughout the American south in 2010.

Presidential Colors

According to online resource Home Decorating Made Easy, southern plantations owned by George Washington and Thomas Jefferson contained a panorama of colors. The interior walls of Washington's Mount Vernon residence were bright green, crimson and a number of shades of blue, from blue-green robin's egg to deep cobalt and Prussian blue. Thomas Jefferson used shades of yellow and green to paint the interior walls of the dome room and Monticello, his plantation home. Home Decorating Made Easy suggests visiting historical sites to collect ideas for southern painting colors.

Bell Grove Colors

Bell Grove is a southern plantation house built in 1797. The home is maintained by the National Trust for Historic Preservation. The Trust partnered with paint company Vaspar to create a line of colors true to the original paint used on the exterior and interior of the home. These paints are commercially available at Lowe's hardware stores. Colors include aloe green, brass, victory blue and light amber. Moss and spruce shades of green are modeled on naturally occurring plants in the area, and flame-stitch red is a deep wine color.

Proper Steps On Establishing A Ladder

For many people, climbing a ladder to do construction or repair work can be intimidating. The fear of heights is an instinctual survival mechanism, but it is one that we must overcome when it is time to paint the ceiling in the foyer or hang Christmas lights from the eaves of our homes. However, with careful preparation, climbing a ladder and working above the ground can be done safely.

Picking Your Ladder

Picking the correct ladder can make the job at hand easier. Step ladders are appropriate for light-duty painting and inside construction work, such as hanging a ceiling fan or light fixture. Extension ladders should be used on outside projects like hanging Christmas lights or cleaning eaves troughs.

Most homeowners can get by with a household-rated ladder, or a Type III ladder, which is duty-rated at 200 pounds. The duty rating establishes the maximum safe capacity of the ladder. Your weight while fully clothed plus the weight of any tools and materials that are carried onto the ladder must be less than the duty rating to ensure safe use. Ladders have color-coded stickers that indicate their duty rating.

Once you have determined how strong your ladder must be, consider the height at which you will be working. Extension ladders typically range in height from 16 feet to 40 feet. For optimum safety, the height of the ladder should be 7 to 10 feet above the height of the support. A useful household extension ladder for chores like cleaning gutters or painting the trim around a house is at least 24 feet long. It is a generally accepted rule of thumb that a person's reach is four feet higher than the length of the ladder.

Placement

Putting the ladder on a secure foundation is essential to ladder safety. The ground should be as level and solid as possible. Placing a ladder on decorative stones or wood chips rather than on the dirt underneath is a recipe for disaster. Make sure the feet of the ladder are secure and even on the ground. Don't allow the ladder to lean to the left or right.

Think of a right triangle when planning the angle at which the ladder will lean on the support. Using the ladder as the hypotenuse, make the base of the triangle approximately one-quarter of the length of the hypotenuse. In other words, if you have a 24-foot ladder, the feet of that ladder should not be any closer than 6 feet from an imaginary line coming down from the point where the ladder meets the support.

Climbing

Climbing higher than the fourth rung from the end of an extension ladder is considered unsafe by the U.S. Occupational Health and Safety Administration. For step ladders, climbing higher than the second rung from the top is considered unsafe.

Good Colors For Decorating Your Hallway

A hallway does not necessarily have to be stark white.

The right paint color used in a hallway can help the color flow of the home transition from bedrooms into the kitchen, living room or dining room. Choosing the right color is important, as the wrong color could completely offset the feel of a home. Fortunately, choosing a paint color for a corridor or hallway is extremely easy once you know where to begin.

Color Palette

First and foremost, take into consideration the other colors throughout the home. For example, if you tend to gravitate toward cooler colors like greens and blues, then that same tone should be used in the hallway. After all, a deep red hallway would seem out of place in a home consisting mostly of cool blues or rich, forest greens.

Hallway Proportions

If there is no consistent color scheme throughout the home, then choosing a paint color can be a bit more tricky. However, one thing to keep in mind is that small, narrow hallways will benefit from lighter colors while hallways that are wide or short will benefit from a bolder color.

Additional Considerations

The amount of light present in the hallway should also be taken into account when choosing a paint color. Light can drastically alter the appearance of a paint color, so whenever choosing a color, always paint samples onto the wall. This allows you to evaluate the paint's colors throughout the day in various lights, therefore ensuring that your choice will look great no matter what time of day it is. Ideally, hallways that feature plenty of natural light can handle darker or bolder colors, while darker hallways fare better with lighter colors.

Beige

Light colors tend to be more popular for hallways, especially shades of beige, according to My Perfect Color, an online paint website, and Breslow.com. When using beige, it is important that the shade chosen matches the same tones as the other rooms in the home. For example, if the rest of the home features cool colors, such as blue slate, then the beige chosen for the hallway should also feature a cool tone; this principle also applies if the home features warmer shades, such as a vibrant red.

Greens and Yellows

Both green and yellow will work well in a hallway, as each color encompasses many light tones to brighten up the space. In general, green can either be a cool, refreshing color or a warm, earthy color. Popular green color choices include crisp spring greens, shades of mint or vibrant, earthy greens. Meanwhile, nearly any shade of yellow can work well in a hallway. Yellow can inspire feelings of optimism, just as it can awaken a sleepy individual. Popular shades of yellow include creamy yellow, pale yellow and even warm, mustard yellow.

Grays and Blues

Much like green, gray and blue are two very versatile shades. Both shades can be either very light or very dark, and both can be warm or cool. Having so many variations means that you are sure to find the perfect shade of gray or blue for your hallway. Popular shades of gray include slate, warm aubergine gray and brown-gray. Popular shades of blue include light sky blue, deep midnight blue and pale blue-gray.

Do Face Painting At Kids Birthday Parties

If you think ice cream and cake are a hit at birthday parties, try face painting. Anybody can do it with just a little bit of practice and the proper supplies. Stencils and stamps are available and can really assist you in the process. Give these steps a whirl and you'll be a star at the next birthday party.

Instructions

1. Make sure to buy good quality products, and bear in mind that makeup must be for use on skin. Theatrical makeup works well. You can purchase face painting kits at websites such as Paintertainment.com (see Resources).

2. Practice. The more practice you can get in the days before the party, the quicker you will be at applying the designs. Ask family and friends if you can practice on their children.

3. Put the designs you're offering on a poster board and place it where the kids can see it. They're more likely to know what they want by the time it's their turn, which will speed up the process.

4. Keep it simple. Children don't expect anything elaborate. Perhaps some small cheek designs like hearts, balloons or smiley faces will be a good start. Offer tattoos too, if you think the kids would like them. They won't take very long to apply.

5. Use makeup sponges for applying face paint in large areas. The application will go faster. Have enough sponges and brushes for each color to save, you won't waste time cleaning your brush between colors.

6. Keep a bowl of water nearby. It can be helpful for smoothing out makeup, removing a design, rinsing sponges or applying a tattoo.

7. Set up a work area table and chairs, place your supplies where you can conveniently reach them and work quickly. Kids can get squirmy if they sit still for too long. The more you can keep their wiggly ways to a minimum, the better job you will be able to do.

8. Map out the application process for each design. One color must be dry before you can add another color on top. Colors can get muddy if you mix them together too much when wet. Plan it so you can work on one area while another is drying.

Remove Old Fresh paint From The Lap Siding House

Remove Old Paint From a Lap Siding House

One way to take peeling paint off old lap siding is to scrap it by hand. An easier way is to use a rented pressure washer, which expels water at such high force that it can strip the paint to wood. However, using a pressure washer from a ladder is never recommended. This two-step plan calls for stripping the upper portion of your house by hand, then using a pressure washer to strip what you can reach from the ground.

Instructions

Remove Old Paint From a Lap Siding House

1. Use a hand-held paint scraper to remove any paint above 12 feet or so on house, working from a ladder and scraping lengthwise along the siding. Do the entire upper portion of the house.

2. Attach your garden hose to the pressure washer. Set the nozzle in place as directed by the instructions.

3. Standing on the ground, point the wand of your pressure washer at the siding, at the level where you stopped scraping, about 12 feet up. Hold the wand about a foot from the side, and start the stream.

4. Move the nozzle along the length of the siding, adjusting the distance from the nozzle to the siding based on how easily the old paint is coming off. Work the nozzle in a slightly angled forward pushing motion, as you would a putty scraper. Stop before you get to any light fixtures or power lines and scrape around those by hand.

5. Let the siding thoroughly dry for several days before repainting.

Plan A Paintball Party

Paintball parties are adrenaline-filled and messy fun.

Paintball parties are gaining popularity for bachelor or bachelorette functions, church and youth organization outings, birthday parties and team building activities for offices or corporations. The strategy, rapid action and adrenaline of paintball games appeal to novices and experts alike and offer the opportunity to build trust and teamwork, relieve stress or get an excellent workout. Create an intra- or inter-office rivalry, or host a bachelors-versus-bachelorettes party or a girls versus boys birthday extravaganza to experience the rush of paintball.

Instructions

1. Contact venues in your area or locate a wooded area in which you can play. Learn any local codes or laws that could affect your party, and ensure paintball on either public or private property is allowed. Speak with officials at your local city hall for information on property laws, public spaces and other pertinent information. Visit local paintball fields' websites or speak with managers for group rates and the best days to host your party. Contact other group leaders in your area for recommendations on the best fields.

2. If renting time at a local paintball field, ask questions to ensure the venue can accommodate your anticipated number of guests and guardians. Ask about age restrictions, field policies, prices for group packages and group discounts. Discuss permissions or consents required, as well as any necessary waivers, and ask if you will be allowed to supply your own refreshments. Ask if gear rentals and paint are included in the prices quoted or if you are to supply your own. Ask how much paint is included with rentals. Most fields require reservations as well as a deposit for groups or parties and offer specials on bulk purchases of paint.

3. Make a guest list, ensuring everyone invited is old enough to play at the selected venue. Make or purchase invitations and include a separate sheet for information regarding any extra costs the guests may incur, if the guests will require parents or guardians and any pertinent information on field policies. Also indicate if refreshments will be served and ask guests to include any food allergies or dietary restrictions in their RSVP. Because paintballs are made primarily from vegetable oil, there is the potential for allergic reactions from the paint, too.

4. Discuss party plans with the venue manager, including decorations, refreshments and amenities that the location provides as well as those you must supply. Locate gear for any guests who do not already own gear, or secure the appropriate number of rentals from the venue.

5. Decorate the staging area or main area of the venue if the party is for a birthday or other specific occasion. If the party is generic, decorations may not be necessary. Discuss your plans with the field owners and managers for suggestions or tips.

6. Purchase refreshments that can be easily and quickly consumed between rounds, as well as refreshments that are more nutritive to give guests energy and keep them hydrated during play.

7. Organize carpools and other transportation for guests and their parents or guardians. Let your guests know if they need to bring spending money and provide parents or guardians any other relevant information regarding the venue, including emergency contact numbers.

Thursday, February 27, 2014

Just How Much Does A Car Body Painter Make Yearly

Auto body painters find employment in repair shops and with vehicle manufacturers.

The largest number of auto body painters work in repair shops, where they refinish older or damaged vehicles. Others manage automated painting processes in new vehicle manufacturing or touch up flaws. Most auto body painters make at least $31,000 annually as of 2010, but some earn more than twice that amount.

Job Description

Painters of transportation equipment who work in repair shops mix paint to match colors that may have faded over time, and perform detailed work with a manual spray gun. These are highly skilled workers, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Painters who work on new cars operate equipment that performs automated steps, or they fix problem areas in the paint that occurred during automated painting or vehicle assembly.

Salary Range

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics combines salary data for painters of automobiles, airplanes, boats, buses, trains and trucks, noting this includes painters in auto body shops. The average salary for this occupation was $20.27 per hour as of May 2010, or $42,160 per year. The middle 50 percent of these workers were making $14.91 to $24.92 per hour, or $31,010 to $51,830 per year. The bottom 10 percent had hourly wages at or below $11.88, and the top 10 percent were earning $30.82 and more per hour, or $64,110 per year and higher.

Common Types of Employment

Vehicle body painters working in automotive repair and maintenance earned $20.58 per hour on average in 2010, or $42,810 per year. Others find employment with motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturers at an average pay rate of $36,630 annually, with automobile dealers at $44,760 and with automotive parts, accessories and tire stores at $47,150.

High-Paying Industries

The highest pay for auto body painters was in spectator sports employment, which includes car racing. The average salary in that industry for auto body painters was $30.40 per hour, or $63,240 per year in 2010. Employment opportunities are extremely limited in this field; only about 40 auto body painters worked in spectator sports in 2010. The next-highest paying industry is motor vehicle manufacturing, where the painters earned $23.42 per hour on average, or $48,720 per year.

Draft A Discharge Of A Liability Contract

Once signed, liability agreements prevent suits for injuries caused by ordinary negligence.

Release of Liability contracts prevent signing parties from seeking financial restitution in the event of damages caused by any reason other than gross negligence, according to Expert Law. Commonly used for physical labor, model and artist releases may also be used under the category of Release of Liability contracts. Although drafting legal documents may seem daunting, knowing what information to include takes a great deal of the burden off of your shoulders.

Instructions

1. Type the name, address and phone number of your company at the top left or center of the contract. You can skip this step if you plan to print the Liability Release Contract on company letterhead.

2. Type a line for the full date of the contract signing, along with the name of the person signing the contract at the beginning of the first sentence.

For example, you may type: "I, [blank for name], on this [blank for day] of [blank for month], [blank for year] ..."

3. Type the agreement. Include the words "release [your company name] from any liability." You may also want to include words saying that the signer understands that they cannot pursue legal action against the company.

If the drafted release covers artists or models, include an agreement that specifies which types of companies may use the picture or art piece. In the case of models, a legal release does not prevent lawsuits if a picture defames the model, such as a photo suggesting the model contracted an STD, unless the model signed a release specifically stating that use for the picture.

4. Type the signer's responsibility to follow all of the rules set forth, if appropriate.

For example, if you represent a college, and the signer plans to attend a school field trip, include, "The undersigned agrees to abide by all of the rules of the college and any additional rules put forth by instructors."

5. Write signature lines. Include the date for each signature and lines for the signer, a witness and a parent/guardian, if the signer is under 18 years of age. Also include a line for the printed name of the signer.

Fresh paint A United States Foursquare House

This rustic cottage is influenced by the American Foursquare style.

Most homes in the American Foursquare architectural style were built from 1890 to around 1935. You can tell them by their boxy, roughly square exterior shape, and by the interior floors organized into four rooms of roughly equivalent size. They're usually two-and-half stories high, with low-pitched, hipped roofs featuring deep overhangs. Typically, a prominent central dormer extrudes from the front roof. Usually, you'll also see a broad front porch that runs most or all of the full length of the house, with wide stairs. You'll find Foursquare houses all over the U.S., built from brick, stone, wood siding, or whatever materials were typically used in a given area. Painting techniques vary depending on the materials that were used for your house's exterior and local historical preservation rules, although a few general guidelines do apply.

Instructions

1. Research your house's history, with an eye toward learning what colors the builders used when it was first built. Quite often, American Foursquare homes were first painted in dark, rich colors, including dark green, Indian red, and brown.

2. If your American Foursquare house is built of wood, choose at least two complementary colors of paint based on your research -- one for the trim, and one for the walls. Scrape and sand old paint, but don't remove it completely; this will help to ensure that the new paint adheres properly. Inspect the wood, and repair any damage before you paint.

3. Often, American Foursquare homes made of brick or other masonry were painted when first built. Inspect the building and check your records to determine what color, if any, the original builders used. Repaint the brick before painting, replacing old mortar to ensure leak protection and to shore up the structure. Do not sandblast the old paint, as it may damage the underlying brick and mortar.

Create A Native American Model House

Constructing a model Native American dwelling for a school project or for personal pleasure can be a satisfying and educational process. However, building an accurate model requires some basic research because the many tribes of North America have distinct methods of architecture based on the materials native to their region. Options range from the ice-block igloos of the Alaskan Inuits to the plank houses of the Pacific Northwest Chinook to the birch-bark wigwams of the Algonquins.

A relatively easy starter project is making a tepee, the home used by the Great Plains-dwelling Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes.

Instructions

Construct the base for your model tepee

1. Using the sponge brush, dab the green paint onto the piece of foam core board. Allow the paint to dry.

2. Drizzle glue onto the entire foam core base.

3. Sprinkle the grass or crumbled Spanish moss onto the glue. Press the grass firmly into the glue to secure it.

4. Allow the glue to dry. This will give your model tepee the look of being nestled in the rolling grasses of the Great Plains.

Construct your model tepee frame

5. Use the string to tie the bamboo skewers together 2 to 3 inches away from the sharp end. Make sure the knot allows the skewers some movement.

6. Flare out the long ends of the skewers into a cone shape. This is the frame for your model tepee.

7. Lay one flat side of the tepee frame down on the piece of printer paper and trace the triangle. This is the template for the tepee cloth.

Construct your cloth tepee covering

8. Lay the cloth out flat and lay the paper template on the cloth. Trace the template. Repeat this process four more times, making sure the long edges of the triangle meet.

9. Cut out the outlined shape. You should end up with a fan-shaped piece of cloth made up of five triangles. In the middle triangle, cut out a small, dome-shaped door.

10. Use the red, yellow, blue, black and white tempura paint to decorate the tepee covering with Great Plains Native American symbols. Allow the paint to dry.

11. Hot glue the long ends of the cloth together. When the hot glue has cooled, snip off the tip of the cone. The top of the frame will go through this hole.

Assemble your model tepee diorama

12. Slip the tepee frame into the cloth covering so the secured end of the frame goes through the small hole. This is the top of the tepee.

13. Fan the skewers out so that the tepee covering is taut. Affix the skewers to the cloth using small dots of hot glue. Allow the glue to cool.

14. Select where on the model base you would like the tepee to stand. Dot hot glue on the bottom ends of the skewers and affix the tepee to the base. Allow the glue to cool completely.

Strip Fresh paint From Oak Cabinets

It is possible to remove paint from old oak furniture and cabinets, and even refinish them with beautiful stains. This task will take a few days and requires patience, but is not as difficult or daunting as many seem to feel. With care, time, and good safety measures, you can strip the paint off of oak cabinets and restore them to their most beautiful, natural oak finish. It is not expensive to do so, and the beauty of the cabinets will more than reward you for a few days' work.

Instructions

1. Choose a time when you can complete this project outdoors. Spring or summer when the weather is warm and dry are best, and autumn if you have an open barn or covered porch large enough to leave the oak cabinets overnight. This project is messy and the fumes in paint strippers are bad for breathing. Other necessary safety measures include eye goggles, waterproof gloves--neoprene are best--and long sleeves.

2. Shop for ecologically friendly paint stripper. With the growing concern over global warming and the environment, a variety of eco-friendly products have been developed that are just as efficient as the more toxic variety. While less dangerous, it is still advisable to work in a well-ventilated area.

3. Spread out newspaper, plastic sheeting, or even an old tarp. Place the oak cabinets on the ground cover. Follow the paint stripper manufacturer's instructions for applying the product to your oak cabinets. When finished, you will need to let the product sit for a short time, probably 5 to 20 minutes.

4. When you return after the specified time, you will most likely see the paint curdled on the cabinets. Wearing your gloves and protective goggles, take a putty knife and carefully scrape away the paint. If some paint is still stuck on the cabinet and difficult to remove, do not use excessive force; you could damage the oak cabinet. Instead, apply a little more remover. As remover can evaporate, you may need to continue to apply as you work. After removing most of the paint with a putty knife, rub the oak with steel wool to scrape away small bits of leftover paint.

5. If your oak cabinets have fancy detailing, use a narrower putty knife, or even an old butter knife, to gently remove the paint from the edging and detailing. Take your time and work carefully; the end result will be well worth your efforts, and you certainly don't want to scratch the oak cabinets. Use steel wool and then an old rag to help you brush away loose paint after scraping.

6. If you have a stubborn spot on your cabinets and cannot seem to get all of the paint, you can also try dipping a rag into paint thinner and rubbing that on the difficult spot. Dump the rag into a bucket of water after use. Rinse the spot on the oak where you applied paint thinner.

7. Thin some clean paint stripper with water and apply with an old paintbrush and wipe down with a rag. This is to ensure you remove any little pieces of paint. Allow your oak cabinets to dry in the shade.

8. Gather up and dispose of the old newspaper with the scraped off paint. Rinse all of your tools thoroughly in cool water.

How Can You Alter The Kids To Personal Around The Sim cards 2 Existence Tales

The Sims 2: Life Stories" follows the life stories of different Sims and deals with their new friends, new experiences and other surprises. Changing children from a public to a private school gives the kids skill points instead of cash and lessens the fun depletion the kids suffer while going to public school. Getting the Headmaster to accept your kid takes some work, but once you impress the Headmaster by a tour of your home, your child will be going to private school in no time.

Instructions

1. Build up your Sim's cooking skill to at least five or six points. Clean everything possible in the house: do the dishes, vacuum, tidy up. Call the Repairman to fix the TV if it is broken; do not attempt to fix this yourself.

2. Pick up any old newspapers on the front lawn and make sure it is clean. Add extra lights to the front lawn to improve the decor; two lights framing the start of the sidewalk and two more framing the front door will be sufficient. Add the cheapest possible fountain to the front lawn.

3. Add one painting with an environment score of 10 to the lounge room. Add two ceiling lights to improve the lighting. Make the bed in the bedroom. Add lights and sculptures, if necessary, to improve the environment score of the bedroom.

4. Buy a cheap set of a table and chairs if you don't already own them and make sure they're of the same make and color. Add a "Love Tub" to the front lawn; it's possible to earn bonus points if the Headmaster's tour goes well enough to get him into the tub. Pick up the phone and invite the Headmaster over.

5. Maximize your Sim's need for fun, sleep, food and bladder before the Headmaster arrives at 5 p.m. to make sure your Sim is in a good mood. Have your child ready at the gate at 5 p.m. to greet the Headmaster as he arrives; if your child is not there by 6 p.m., the Headmaster will leave. Click on the Headmaster and select "Entertain-Give Tour" to begin the tour of your home.

6. Click on "Show Room" in each individual room to show it to the Headmaster; your front lawn counts as a room. Make a complex dish for dinner with your increased cooking skill. Use the "schmooze" option to talk to the Headmaster after dinner if you still need to make the required 90 points needed for him to invite your child to attend private school.

Painting Wooden Furniture Silver

Putting a new coat of paint on tired old furniture is a time-honored method of breathing life into a favorite piece. The process is a fairly simple one but will involve a hefty amount of elbow grease, especially if the furniture has already been painted or otherwise finished. A new coat of paint will not adhere to a painted or finished surface properly, so you will have to prepare the surface before actually applying the paint.

Instructions

1. Clean the furniture thoroughly with the furniture cleaner and the scrub pad. Remove any stains, grime, grease or other dirt from the furniture. This step will help prevent flaws and imperfections from appearing in the finished paint product.

2. Wait for the furniture to dry. You should also disassemble the furniture at this point if possible. It is often easier to paint the individual pieces rather than to paint the assembled item.

3. Sand down every surface you wish to paint, which will help the paint form a stronger bond to the furniture surface. Sand any painted or finished surfaces harder to scuff the surfaces, which will also aid in the bonding process.

4. Clean off any dust left behind from the sanding job.

5. Paint the first coat of silver paint on the furniture. Do not worry if the previous color or wood grain shows through the first coat; you can cover that up with subsequent coats.

6. Wait for the first coat to dry, and then paint on the second coat of paint. If the under color still shows through, add a third coat after the second coat dries.

Wednesday, February 26, 2014

School Projects Around The Dirt Houses Of Catalhoyuk

Turkey is rich in historic sites, like this Hittite site founded several thousand years after Catalhoyuk.

The Turkish site of Catalhoyuk was uncovered in the 1960s and is still being excavated and studied. The neolithic mud settlement dates to 6,000 to 8,000 B.C. and may have housed up to 10,000 residents at one time. Several different settlements over the course of time were built on top of previous buildings; when the city deteriorated and was covered over with the natural environment, a mound was formed. Students can study the process of uncovering layers of city, imitate the art of the people of Catalhoyuk and replicate construction activities to learn about the settlement.

Building and Construction

Try to find an example of flint stone for display.

Many cultures that developed in areas with few lumber resources relied upon clay and mud bricks for building. Make a wooden brick mold and mix clay and broken straw together with water to pour into the molds. Kids can mix with bare feet or hands. Unmold the bricks and leave them to dry in the sun. Students can also experiment with using various stone shapes for digging and cutting, and discuss the difficulties of using only stone tools before the metal ages.

Wall Art

Later civilizations, such as the ancient Egyptians, developed mural art further.

Murals on the walls of Catalhoyuk are believed to be the oldest artwork painted on a man-made structure. Mix flour with water and colored powdered clay and paint a sidewalk or concrete stepping stones or boundary wall with figures of humans and animals similar to the Neolithic forms found at the Turkish site. For younger kids, use red non-toxic finger paint.

Pottery and Clay Figures

Use air-dry clay to replicate some of the work found at Catalhoyuk. Small pots with thin sides can be pinched and dried. Have kids create small figures like the female figures found on site. Unique to Catalhoyuk are the clay balls whose use is still in dispute. Have the kids create balls of various sizes and try to imitate the Catalhoyuk balls that were created in asymmetrical shapes. Speculate with them about the purpose of the clay artifacts. Kids with less hand strength may need to use a drying salt clay instead.

Archaeology

Ask the students to consider what their trash would tell an archaeologist about our food choices.

The archaeologists that uncovered Catalhoyuk in the 1960s used methods you can replicate in your classroom. Make extra clay pots and lightly break them; mix the pieces and have the students try to reassemble the shards into full pots. Use sawdust or clean sandbox sand in large containers to bury "artifacts" that students can uncover with brushes. Teach kids mark off a plot with grid lines to systematically study a site.

Internet Projects

Visit the "Mysteries of Catalhoyuk" Web site during computer lab time to participate in learning activities and games. The Museum of Minnesota sponsors the site which features cartoon storybook squares explaining about the find and its mysteries and artifacts.

Fresh paint Skating Logos On The Wall

If you or your child is interested in skateboarding or other extreme sports, you may want to decorate a room in your home with skating logos on a wall. This may seem like it would be hard to do since some skating logos are quite intricate. However, it's actually fairly simple with the help of an overhead projector or some carbon paper. Either of these methods will help you get an exact copy of the logo without having to draw it freehand.

Build Color Combinations

Children's paint sets feature primary and secondary colors.

The idea of color in home decorating raises anxiety for many people. Unfortunate color schemes are embarrassing and difficult to live with. People may invest in paint, furniture, drapes, lampshades, art and accessories only to discover the color scheme doesn't work. That fear of bad results keeps some from starting on decorating projects or ever re-decorating. Work with the same tools professionals use: the color wheel, color scheme applications and design theory. Solve the mystery surrounding color and interior decorating and follow guiding principles to build color combinations with confidence.

Instructions

1. Purchase a color wheel from an art supply or paint store. Use it to become familiar with relationships between colors. Primary colors include red, yellow and blue; secondary colors include green, orange and violet.

2. Note the main color you want to use in building your color scheme.

3. Create a monochromatic (one-color) combination by selecting related colors such as sky blue, slate blue and navy blue. This creates a pleasing effect and is a nearly foolproof method for design. It also works to use two similar colors such as gold and yellow and a neutral color such as cream.

4. Achieve a strong contrast by choosing colors opposite each other on the color wheel. One example is a true red and jade-green combination. Set off the combination with a neutral color such as tan or taupe, and add gold or silver accents.

5. Create a complementary color combination by selecting a secondary and accent color for your main color. For a red color combination, chocolate brown works as a secondary color with yellow as an accent color. A "subordinate color" in design doesn't have to be a secondary color on the color wheel. In this context, it means subordinate to the main color of the color scheme. For example, in a living room the main color might be yellow, with a yellow sofa, ottoman and drapes. The subordinate color might be blue-green, with a blue-green rug and side chairs. The accent color might be gold, with brass vases, statues, drape tie-backs, and gold-framed paintings. That is used sparingly to set off the main and secondary colors.

6. Try out a combination using analogous colors, which appear next to each other on the color wheel. Examples include red with violet and blue; blue with teal and green; or yellow with orange and red.

7. Create your design in two or more color schemes, using the color combinations you like best. Consider how the colors work together and how they achieve the purpose of the design. For example, pastel and neutral colors provide a tranquil mood in a room and bright accent colors add interest and excitement.

Store Canvas Oil Works of art

The painting has captured your eye at the auction, and suddenly you're the winning bidder. Never mind that the painting has to be stored away for a few months while your new home is being built. Now that you have invested in quality art, you want to protect the painting from potential damage. This guide will show you safely store an oil painting.

Instructions

Store Canvas Oil Paintings

1. Examine your painting. Make sure it is dust-free and secure in the frame. Remove any dust, if necessary. If unframed, get a frame. Oil paintings are easier to store in a frame because the frame provides some protection. Unframed paintings are more susceptible to bent edges, dust, and chipped paint.

2. Buy polystyrene, also known as jablo, to pad the painting. You can find jablo at hardware stores. This material will protect the canvas, paint, and frame from dust and scratches during storage.

3. Locate a storage area. You want to store the painting in a cool, dark, and dry place that is free of insects. In a museum, oil paintings are always kept at a carefully controlled stable temperature to prevent fading, mildew, and paint decomposition. Oil paintings are ideally kept in an area that remains a stable 21 degrees Celsius and 45% humidity, and away from direct sunlight. Since museum conditions cannot be duplicated at home, try to find a storage area that does not have excessive levels of cold, heat, moisture, or dryness.The storage area should be free of insects because their droppings contain acids that damage paint. Certain types of insects, such as wood lice and moths, eat canvas and frames. Never spray insecticide on paintings because it will damage the painting. If you are worried about insects, have the storage area treated by a pest control professional to prevent insect contamination.

4. Store oil paintings standing upright. Place pieces of polystyrene between each painting so that nothing can scratch the canvas. This will also protect the painting from dust.

5. If you must store unframed artwork, lay them flat with polystyrene between each painting. Do not put anything else on top of them because it could cause scratches and dents

6. Never lean the front or back of a stretched canvas painting on a pointed object because it will cause dents.

7. Take your oil painting out of storage and hang it as soon as possible. An canvas oil painting is best protected when hung on an interior wall out of direct sunlight.

Safety Strategies For Painting

Stay safe while working on ladders.

Painting can be dangerous--you may be working high up on a ladder, using high-pressure spray equipment, applying toxic chemicals or working with power tools. Some safety procedures are fairly obvious, others not so. Read and follow all product labels and safety directions for using equipment. Painting can be very demanding work, so don't undertake a painting project if you have physical limitations.

Ladders

Follow the "three point rule" when working on an extension ladder. This means that at all times, either two hands and a foot, or two feet and one hand, must be securely resting on, or holding onto, your ladder. Keep your body in between the uprights and move the ladder instead of reaching too far to get that one last area. Any type of ladder you use should be standing firmly on level ground. If you have to work on a slope, rent or buy a ladder leveler, which allows you to adjust the ladder to the slope. When working indoors, do not place a ladder on a drop cloth over a slick floor, such as hardwood or tile, because it can slip easily. Set the rubber feet of the ladder directly on the floor and arrange drop cloths around the base.

Spray Equipment

Airless spray equipment can make painting very fast and efficient. However, the paint coming out of the spray tip at close range can deeply pierce your skin tissues and even inner organs. If this happens, it is a medical emergency--inner damage can be worse than it appears. All spray guns are equipped with trigger locks. Engage the lock whenever you stop painting, even to climb down a ladder, or walk across the room. Wear protective gear when using airless paint spray equipment, including a long-sleeved shirt and non-slip shoes.

Paint Fumes

Even water-based paint gives off fumes and contains chemicals and volatile organic compounds, or VOCs. Some solvent-based paints and coatings can make you very ill if inhaled. Paint in a well-ventilated area, by opening multiple windows or using a fan to exhaust paint fumes out of a window. When spraying any material, or painting with solvent-based primer, paint, stain or clear coating, wear a mask or respirator. Leave the windows open for as long as possible after you're done, both to clear out fumes and speed drying. Pregnant and nursing women, children and anyone with respiratory difficulties should not be in the area while you paint.

Wasps and Critters

It's not fun coming face to face with a wasp nest when you're 30 feet in the air, or removing an exterior shutter and finding bats behind it. Walk around the exterior of your house before you start painting and use spray to kill wasps and bees. Be very careful when taking shutters or awnings down, because they are a favorite hiding place for bats and spiders. If you have a lot of pests on and around your home, consider calling a pest control company to take care of them before you start work.

Fresh paint Dew Drops

Dew drops make rich painting subjects because of the light reflections.

Water reflects light and changes shape, which often makes rendering it difficult in painting. When beginning a painting of a dew drop -- or adding a drop to an almost-finished flower bloom -- note the colors in the object as well as the colors nearby. In a sunny scene, a dew drop shows the colors of surrounding objects in its plump, watery form.

Instructions

1. Study the shape of the kind of dew drop you want to paint. Inspect how the dew drop rests and fits on your object of choice. If you are painting a dew drop on a tulip, study how a dew drop or drop of water rests on a tulip cup. Falling water follows the contour of the object it lies on and grows fatter and rounder toward the lowest portion of the object.

2. Lightly draw an oval on the paper or canvas. Make the oval as large or small as you want the widest part of the dew drop to be.

3. Determine the light source's direction. Decide whether the sunlight you depict -- and the shading -- comes from the left or right, above or underneath.

4. Sketch a small crescent shape just inside the oval, showing the light source highlight. If you do not want such an apparent light source and want more shading instead, you will later shade the dew drop to depict the source of light.

5. Start painting the shadow. Select the same color you used for the object on which the dew drop is resting -- such as a rose or fence post. Make a transparent brushstroke using an extender paint, a quick-drying oil-paint extender gel.

6. Paint a narrow shadow sliver on one side of the oval opposite the light source. Make the shadow about 1/3 the size of the drop. If you want use black paint or mix a dark color in acrylics or oils, paint the shadow with the soft edge of a shader brush or a regular brush.

7. Paint the inside of the dew drop. Use gradation. Start at the top of the oval. Lay the brush lightly and flat on the canvas.

8. Stroke thicker paint down the oval, then use a light brushstroke. Add lighter colors such as yellow, white or a lighter shade of the color you are using to show the light there. You want the inside to stay lighter than the cast shadow.

9. Let each layer dry after each step. With oils, repeat layers and details such as the light-source highlight as needed. Avoid a dull look by not overly revising and repainting.

Tuesday, February 25, 2014

How Toxic Are Partly Used Fresh paint Cans Inside A House

The toxicity of most paint lies in the effects of the volatile organic compounds released as it dries--or when large amounts of paint are washed down the drain, where it contaminates the water table. Partially used paint cans around the house are generally neither toxic or hazardous, as long as they are closed tightly and stored safely. When stored correctly, paint can last several years and still be usable.

Identification

Knowing what type of paint the can contains is important. Always read the labels and store or dispose of the paint according to directions. Most household paints these days are water based, commonly referred to as latex paint. Some trim paints, stains and primers are oil or shellac based. Paint in spray cans often contain the most volatile and toxic chemicals, such propellants and lacquers.

Fire Hazards

Oil- and water-based paints pose no particular fire hazard. However, lacquers, spray cans and some epoxies and paints used for crafts can be very flammable and should be kept far away from heat sources. Check the product label and keep flammable finishes and their solvents in a cool dark place, away from direct sunlight, water heaters and furnaces. Partially used spray paint cans can be especially flammable, because the air in the can can expand quickly when heated and make the can explode.

Warning

Keep paint away from pets and children. Partially empty five-gallon buckets can be very dangerous if left open, as a curious toddler or pet can drown if they fall in head first. Oil-based paint formulated in 1977 or earlier may contain lead. While sealed tightly in the can and well out of reach, it will pose no hazard, but lead paint is especially toxic to children, and they should never have access to it.

Storing Paint Safely

Label all partially used paint cans that you are keeping for touch-up with where it was used. Include the date used as well. Close the lid securely, but don't smash it down hard with a hammer--you'll never get it open again. Firmly tapping the lid around the perimeter until it's sealed is sufficient. Then store the paint in a clean, dry place where it will neither freeze nor overheat. Finally and most important: Store the cans upside down. The wet paint will settle, creating a perfect seal against air. The paint will stay as good as new for a very long time.

Disposal

For safe paint disposal, contact your regional Environmental Protection Agency office (see Resources.) Most waste disposal companies will accept paint cans if the paint is dry and the lid is off. Leave cans of paint open in a dry place. Stirring in some cat litter will speed the drying time. You may need to take oil-based paints to a hazardous waste collection center. Never pour any type of paint or solvent down the drain or into the soil.

Places To Possess Kids Birthday Parties In Connecticut

Planning a birthday party can be stressful and time consuming. Wwhether you are looking for a fun and exciting location for energetic children, a hands-on experience for children and adults, or an intimate affair for adults only, Connecticut has just what you are looking for.

Nomad's Adventure Quest

Nomad's Adventure Quest (nomadsadventurequest.com) in South Windsor is a 65,000-square-foot entertainment complex, the largest in New England; it is perfect for children and adults alike. Children will enjoy the 12,000-square-foot inflatable play area with bounce houses and obstacle courses while adults will enjoy the billiards tables, video games and in-house bar. Guests of all ages will enjoy laser tag and bowling. Birthday party packages are available and include access to a private party room and access to the bounce houses, laser tag and the arcade.

Creative Works for Children

Creative Works for Children (creativeworksforchildren.com) is an art enrichment studio for children located in Avon. The center features a variety programs for children including art, yoga, languages, cooking baking and gardening. Creative Works for Children offers over 40 birthday party themes for children ages one to 10. Themes include camping, dance party, dinosaurs, the jungle, spa day and dozens more; parties include set-up and take-down, party coordination, themed-decorations and balloons for party guests.

The Auracle

The Auracle (theauracle.com) is a paint-your-own pottery studio located in Southington. The Auracle features painting parties for children and adults. Each painting party includes a free birthday cake plate signed and decorated by your guests. Painting party packages include paints, pottery and glazing. Guests can choose from pottery objects including figurines, boxes, banks and statues to paint. The Auracle even encourages guests to bring their own beverages and food for a complete birthday celebration.

Eli's on Whitney

Eli's on Whitney (elisonwhitney.com/ is an American-style restaurant in Hamden that is a warm, casual location for an intimate birthday celebration or large party. The Whitey Room accommodates 20 to 140 guests and the restaurant will cater dishes including bacon cheeseburger sliders, coconut crusted shrimp, crab cakes, wings and the house pizzaa. Eli's on Whitney also serves a full bar.

Bridgeport Bluefish

The Bridgeport Bluefish (bridgeportbluefish.com) is Connecticut's minor-league baseball team. Taking in a baseball game is the perfect birthday event for both kids and adults. Get a group of adults together and take in a game while drinking beer and soda and eating baseball fare. Kids can enjoy a birthday party at the The Ballpark at Harbor Yard, where they and their guests will be treated to baseball fare, tickets to a game, an autographed baseball, a birthday song from the entire stadium and a birthday wish announced over the P.A. system.

Rustic Exterior Fresh paint Colors

Rustic color schemes call to mind serene Southwest deserts, the woodsy charm of the American countryside and the subdued vibrancy of Tuscan decorating. Rustic exteriors give your house a comfortable look and set the tone for the interior of your home. If these are the colors you're drawn to, you have a variety of options.

Brick Red

"Country Living" magazine suggests brick red with white detailing as a color scheme for a rustic home. The deep, dark red grounds the house, while the white trim prevents it from being too dark and heavy. The warm color of the house calls to mind comfort without being too bright and gaudy. The brick red also calls to mind the old-fashioned barns of the U.S. landscape while retaining a basic neatness and dignity.

Yellows and Oranges

Yellow and orange are warm colors, and when used in gentle pastel shades, they give an exterior a subtle glow. Avoid using overwhelming shades of yellow or orange, as they will be too bright. Instead, look for subdued golds and apricots. If you want something more dramatic, choose yellows and oranges that are mixed with a little bit of brown, giving the house a grounded, earthy look. These colors are often seen in Southwest and Tuscan homes.

Warm Browns

Warm browns give your home a solid look. Your choices range from sandstone to a warm, reddish brown. You can also combine browns. A deep brown, for example, can have beige or tan accents.

Vivid Blues and Greens

When you want to add some visual variety to your home, consider using blues and greens as accent colors. Blues and greens do well when you want to lighten up a house that looks dark, but they also add visual variety to a house that is very pale. Dream Home Decorating suggests any shade of green for a rustic Tuscan home, so consider using a sage green if you want a subtle accent or forest green if you want something that's bolder.

Painting Over Popcorn Ceiling

Popcorn ceilings have a unique texture that requires special care when it's time for painting. These ceilings get their name because of the texture that looks like popcorn. Small and large dots cover the ceiling to hide sheetrock imperfections and to add a little bit of texture to the space. Over time, popcorn ceilings can fade and look dirty, which you can solve with a fresh coat of popcorn ceiling paint. When it's time to paint popcorn ceilings, whether you roll or spray, take time to prepare your space to avoid a big mess.

Instructions

Preparation

1. Cover the floor, any furniture that you can't move out of the room and the walls with plastic dropcloths. Seal the edges with masking tape. Painting popcorn ceilings, whether you roll or spray the color on the ceilings, can cause paint to splatter on everything that sits under the ceiling.

2. Sweep a feather duster across the surface of the ceiling to remove as much dust as possible.

3. Mix your flat, acrylic paint you chose for the ceiling with water. For every four parts of paint you add to your bucket, add one part of water if you plan to roll paint on popcorn ceilings. If you plan to spray paint on popcorn ceilings, add 1/2 qt. of water for each gallon of paint you use.

Roll Paint on a Popcorn Ceiling

4. Slide on a segmented foam roller. This type of roller helps you more thoroughly cover the coarse texture of popcorn ceilings in one pass.

5. Dip your roller in your paint, and then apply the paint. Paint in one direction, then stop and pull the paint roller down. If you roll paint in multiple directions on a popcorn ceiling, much like you do when you paint a wall, the popcorn could start to peel off. Wait for the first coat to dry before you add additional coats.

6. Repeat with as many coats as necessary until you're happy with the color of the ceiling. Allow the paint to dry thoroughly in between each coat.

Spray Paint on a Popcorn Ceiling

7. Add your thinned paint to the sprayer reservoir. Tighten the lid so the paint doesn't spill if the sprayer accidentally tips over.

8. Point the sprayer in the direction of your ceiling and pull the trigger. Paint will spray out of the sprayer and onto your popcorn ceiling.

9. Spray two coats of paint on your ceiling for the best results. Spray the first coat in one direction (horizontally) and the second coat in the opposite direction (vertically) to ensure complete coverage. Wait two hours after applying the first coat before you apply the second coat.

Rules For Picking Fresh paint Colors

Colorful walls make a house inviting and interesting.

When painting your home's interior, don't be afraid of brilliant hues -- decorate your rooms with a color that stands out. Think carefully when choosing your paint, however, since changing the colors of your walls after painting requires extra work and wastes money. But with the right preparation, you can choose a satisfying color that complements the rest of your decorating.

Consider Your Decorating Scheme

Walk around your house and take notes on the color of your furniture, artwork on the walls and the type of scenery visible outside. A green tree outside a living room window may result in a different color choice then a neighbor's yellow house. Write down the color of your cabinets, the carpet or wood on your floor, along with the color of your kitchen counter. Bring these notes to the paint store to remember the nuances of your home's decoration when selecting colors.

Select Color Samples

Select samples that complement the colors that already exist in your home. If you need help, an employee may have valuable suggestions based on your notes. Select three or four colors and bring home sample-size containers. Most stores will provide small sizes.

Apply Color Samples

Paint a sizable area in your room with each sample color. Consider painting an entire wall, but paint at least five or six square feet. Without painting a large space you will not gain an accurate perception of what the wall will ultimately look like. Leave the sample the wall for a few days and repeat this process with each sample color. Always paint two coats to get the full effect of the color.

Observe Each Color in Different Light

Pay special attention to the way the light interacts with each color you are considering. For example, a peach color may look beautiful when the sun is setting and filtering through the window, but it can be overwhelmingly bright in the morning. Consider taking photographs of each sample at different times of day for comparison.

Rules Regarding Deep Hues

Keep in mind that colors usually appear darker on the wall than in the can. A shade of purple may look beautiful in small quantities, but become overwhelming when covering an entire wall or room, and can make the space appear darker and smaller. If you are choosing a deep hue, make sure you also sample a lighter shade, which might turn out to be just what you are seeking.

Monday, February 24, 2014

Fresh paint Aluminum Home windows Whitened

Aluminum windows tend towards looking unattractive and somewhat on the dated side. Unfortunately, replacing your windows tends to be outside the budget of most homeowners. The good news, however, is that aluminum windows are easily painted, and a simple coat of paint can make your windows and home look dramatically better at a fraction of the cost.

Instructions

1. Using your bucket of soapy water and cloth, wash the inside and outside aluminum window frames thoroughly. Use your razor blade to remove any soil that may be resistant to washing.

2. Once you have allowed the frames to dry completely, apply painter tape to the borders of the interior and exterior of the frame, protecting the glass and the surrounding wall.

3. Using your paintbrush, apply a layer of primer to the window frame, thoroughly coating the aluminum frames. Allow the primer to dry completely.

4. Once your primer has dried, use your clean paintbrush to apply your paint in your selected shade of white. Allow the paint to dry, and inspect as to whether it is necessary to apply an additional coat. Repeat as necessary.

5. Once your paint has dried completely, remove the protective painter's tape. If any paint has found its way onto the glass of your windows, you may use you razor blade to remove it.

Residential Siding Options

Vinyl siding doesn't require paint.

Residential siding serves as a decorative option for a house and can give the structure a distinctive look. Many residential siding material styles are available to improve a house's exterior. These siding options vary in price and durability. Select designs that complement the architectural style of the home.

Vinyl Siding

Vinyl siding is made of polyvinyl chloride. The material, which was introduced in the 1960s, quickly began to replace steel and wood siding. Vinyl siding doesn't require paint, which helps preserve the color of the siding from fading. The most popular sizes for vinyl siding are the four-inch panels, according to J.R. Girskis, president and owner of Iowa-based Suburban Construction. The four-inch siding panels are gaining more popularity, however, because they are more energy-efficient, Girskis said.

Metal Siding

Metal siding is made from steel or aluminum material. The material is a durable option that is low maintenance. Other benefits of metal siding include that it doesn't rot and is fireproof. Metal siding will need to be hosed down annually. Painting over scratches helps prevent rusting in metal siding.

Wood Siding

Another residential siding option to choose from is wood siding. This siding is traditionally made from cedar, pine, redwood and fir. Cedar and redwood are the most expensive wood siding options. Maintenance is high for wood siding because of moisture absorption that can create swelling.

Fiber cement

Fiber cement siding is made of a combination of cement, cellulosic fibers and sand. It is a durable option that looks like wood. Some fiber cement siding is delivered already primed and ready for painting. It is low maintenance because the material maintains paint longer than traditional wood siding. The material also doesn't warp or rot.

Stucco

Stucco siding is a highly durable material made of a cementitious mix applied like icing over masonry block or concrete. This siding option offers a textured look and is prevalent in Europe. The application and maintenance of stucco is a more expensive residential siding alternative.

Friday, February 28, 2014

Minimalist Colors

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Thursday, February 27, 2014

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Construct the base for your model tepee

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Wednesday, February 26, 2014

Building and Construction

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Tuesday, February 25, 2014

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