The toxicity of most paint lies in the effects of the volatile organic compounds released as it dries--or when large amounts of paint are washed down the drain, where it contaminates the water table. Partially used paint cans around the house are generally neither toxic or hazardous, as long as they are closed tightly and stored safely. When stored correctly, paint can last several years and still be usable.
Identification
Knowing what type of paint the can contains is important. Always read the labels and store or dispose of the paint according to directions. Most household paints these days are water based, commonly referred to as latex paint. Some trim paints, stains and primers are oil or shellac based. Paint in spray cans often contain the most volatile and toxic chemicals, such propellants and lacquers.
Fire Hazards
Oil- and water-based paints pose no particular fire hazard. However, lacquers, spray cans and some epoxies and paints used for crafts can be very flammable and should be kept far away from heat sources. Check the product label and keep flammable finishes and their solvents in a cool dark place, away from direct sunlight, water heaters and furnaces. Partially used spray paint cans can be especially flammable, because the air in the can can expand quickly when heated and make the can explode.
Warning
Keep paint away from pets and children. Partially empty five-gallon buckets can be very dangerous if left open, as a curious toddler or pet can drown if they fall in head first. Oil-based paint formulated in 1977 or earlier may contain lead. While sealed tightly in the can and well out of reach, it will pose no hazard, but lead paint is especially toxic to children, and they should never have access to it.
Storing Paint Safely
Label all partially used paint cans that you are keeping for touch-up with where it was used. Include the date used as well. Close the lid securely, but don't smash it down hard with a hammer--you'll never get it open again. Firmly tapping the lid around the perimeter until it's sealed is sufficient. Then store the paint in a clean, dry place where it will neither freeze nor overheat. Finally and most important: Store the cans upside down. The wet paint will settle, creating a perfect seal against air. The paint will stay as good as new for a very long time.
Disposal
For safe paint disposal, contact your regional Environmental Protection Agency office (see Resources.) Most waste disposal companies will accept paint cans if the paint is dry and the lid is off. Leave cans of paint open in a dry place. Stirring in some cat litter will speed the drying time. You may need to take oil-based paints to a hazardous waste collection center. Never pour any type of paint or solvent down the drain or into the soil.
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