Lead paint removal can be hazardous if not done properly.
Lead-based paint is widespread in housing in the United States, appearing in over 74 percent of homes built before 1980, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Because exposure to lead can cause irreversible brain damage, impair physical development, reduce attention span, impair reproduction and increase blood pressure, removing paint made with lead must be done carefully. Precautions must be taken to use the proper methods and tools when removing lead since it can be inhaled or ingested easily.
HEPA Power Tools and Vacuums
Special power tools and vacuums equipped with HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air) filters can be used in lead paint removal. These filters ensure that small particles are removed from the work environment and prevent lead dust from spreading throughout the area. Some sanders are specially equipped with bags or receptacles fitted with HEPA filters. These tools can help reduce exposure to lead. HEPA vacuums should be used to clean up after paint removal to clear dust from clothing, walls and protective plastic.
Tools for Wet Sanding and Scraping
Wet sanding or scraping is a much safer method of lead paint removal than dry sanding because it generates less dust. A water mister or bottle can be filled with water and used to wet a surface before it is scraped. This keeps lead dust down. After the surface is wet, the surface can be scored with a utility knife before a paint scraper is used to thoroughly remove the paint. After the paint is removed, it should be sprayed with water again to reduce the possibility of exposure.
Protective Coverings
Protective coverings are extremely important to use when removing lead paint. Any items such as furniture that cannot be moved out of an area should be covered with one millimeter polyethylene plastic and sealed with tape. Air ducts, registers, window air conditioning units, windows and doorways should be covered with plastic to keep dust from entering other areas. The plastic should be vacuumed and then disposed of carefully upon completion of the removal project.
Respirators and Protective Clothing
Protective clothing and the proper respirators are important tools in lead paint removal. Respirators should be approved by an organization such as OSHA, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Disposable coveralls, goggles, gloves, shoes and hair coverings should be worn before beginning the process. Additionally, care should be taken to avoid eating or drinking while removing paint, as dust can cling to the protective clothing and be ingested.
Heat Gun
A heat gun can be used at a temperature below 1,100 degrees Fahrenheit to soften paint before it can be scraped with a hand tool such as a scraper or a brush. Using a heat gun at a higher temperature can increase lead exposure through vapors. Because heat guns can also pose a fire hazard, they should be used with extreme caution.
Chemical Strippers or Removers
Chemical strippers or removers can be used as an alternative to water. The materials should be used with caution, as they can also be hazardous. Chemical strippers should be used in conjunction with protective clothing and applied according to the manufacturer's directions. Once the stripper or remover has penetrated the painted surface, it can then be scraped or removed with a scraper, knife or wire brush.
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