Simulate the effect of a greenhouse with a miniature model.
To learn about greenhouses, as well as about the atmosphere's greenhouse effect, design and create a small model that follows the same principles as the real thing. Depending on the scope of the project and the available time, you can work with partners to build a large greenhouse model or work individually to create a smaller tabletop version.
Soda Bottle Greenhouse
To design a small model of a greenhouse with inexpensive and easy-to-find materials, use a clear plastic soda bottle as your main structure. Cut the bottle in half, lengthwise, pour potting soil into the plastic bottle, set a small seed inside and water liberally. After planting the seed, put the top of the soda bottle back in place and tape it closed so there are no air leaks. Set the bottle in the sun, either next to a window or outside in direct sun. Water the plant regularly by opening the bottle cap and pouring in water. To assess the efficiency of the greenhouse, plant another seed by its side, in a separate container without a greenhouse enclosure.
Measuring Greenhouse Temperatures
To measure the effects of a greenhouse, take two glasses or jars and fill them each with cold water of the same temperature. Enclose one of the glasses in a clear plastic bag and seal it closed. Set both of the glasses in a sunny location, such as a windowsill or outdoors. At regular intervals, measure the water's temperature in each jar. For an additional experiment, try placing glasses in plastic bags of various sizes or within larger glass jars.
A Working Miniature Greenhouse
To simulate the effects of a large-scale greenhouse, build a small greenhouse to accommodate several plants. Building the structure large enough for multiple plants to fit will make a more scientific project possible. Plant the same number of plants outside the greenhouse, in a comparable environment, with the same sunlight and watering level. By planting more than one of any single plant species, you can more accurately compare the plants' performance inside the greenhouse with those outside.
Comparing Greenhouse Materials
To determine the most efficient greenhouse possible, compare the efficiency of various materials, such as glass or plastic and various levels of transparency and translucence. Design each of your greenhouses for the trial to the same dimensions and place them in spots with equal levels of sunlight. You may either set thermometers directly in the greenhouses or set glasses of ice water inside and measure their changes in temperature over time.
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